Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Pediatric Patients
Keywords:
cholangitis; endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; choledocholithiasis; bile ducts; stents; pancreatic neoplasms; liver transplantAbstract
Introduction: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is an invasive procedure with a risk of serious complications; however, there is a growing number of studies and clinical experiences in the pediatric population.
Objective: To deepen knowledge regarding the use of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in pediatric patients.
Method: For the literature review, we consulted scientific articles indexed in Spanish and English related to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, published in the PubMed, SciELO, Medline, and Cochrane databases, authored by researchers dedicated to the study of this topic.
Methodology: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a technique used in children in developed countries. Experience with this procedure has been limited due to the low incidence of diseases requiring it, technical and equipment-related difficulties, as well as anesthetic challenges that contribute to these limitations. The procedure is performed by an adult endoscopist using equipment designed for adults. The use of pediatric equipment is imperative in infants under 12 months of age up to five years old and is preferred for young children. There is a tendency to adopt the standard diagnostic and therapeutic approach for adults in pediatric patients. However, the indications for this procedure requiring special equipment, the difficulties in anesthetic interventions, and the need for treatment differ in children.
Conclusions: The primary use of endoscopic cholangiopancreatography is therapeutic; therefore, its indication in pediatric patients must be well-founded.
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