Diagnosis of Intraepithelial Dysplastic Lesions in Patients at Risk

Abstract

Introduction: Anal cancer is a preventable condition. Diagnosis and treatment of anal intraepithelial dysplastic lesions can change the natural history of this disease.

Objective: To describe the findings of anal dysplastic lesions in patients at risk.

Methods: A descriptive and prospective study was carried out with 42 patients with risk factors for anal cancer and their precursors, seen in the coloproctology service of Hospital Universitario Clínico Quirúrgico Comandante Manuel Fajardo, in the period from January 2023 to June 2024, and who underwent high-resolution anoscopy.

Results: The most affected age group was 31-40 years old (42.8 %) and male sex was predominant (66.6 %). Receptive anal intercourse (71.4 %) was the prevailing risk factor. 88.1 % were acetowhite positive by presenting low-grade intraepithelial dysplasia (32.5 %) and 20 patients received surgical treatment.

Conclusions: The possibility of developing anal cancer in patients with dysplastic lesions is high; therefore, the greatest tool for its prevention is its early diagnosis and treatment.